Unlocking the Forex broker selection confusion
By Javier H Paz, ForexDatasource.com
Last update: Feb 3, 2009
It is not your imagination. Selecting a Forex broker is a complex process, and it
is important enough that it can either make or break your chances for a successful
Forex experience. Our goal is to highlight what makes this decision important and
offer some key tips to making a good selection.
Forex Datasource estimates that there are approximately 100 medium or large Forex
brokers in the world today, each of them with unique features. The rate of new brokers
has decreased considerably, though. The retail Forex market is maturing a bit. New
regulation and tough broker competition force new brokers to come up with a lot
of capital upfront to have a chance to survive the first year of business.
Based on our experience, there are four attributes that a reputable Forex broker
should possess:
> Trading technology that is attractive and stable
> More capital than the minimum required
> Qualified personnel
> Responsive management
Furthermore, there are three goals that should guide your selection:
1. Identify your Forex account priorities
2. Conduct a thorough research of brokers (the most tedious part)
3. Select a broker that is strong in the areas that appealed the most to you
in step 1
The common pitfalls of Forex traders
Before we jump into the desirable qualities of brokers or the right way of selecting
a broker, I would like to spend a moment and illustrate why you should care about
this subject. We can all learn from the mistakes of others.
Mistake 1. Select a broker too quickly. We typically
hear someone brag about a fantastic return they made trading currencies. That urge
to do the same makes it so tempting to skip the broker selection stage, to get on
with real trading. Without knowing anything about your skill or IQ, we can almost
guarantee that if you skip the broker selection process your initial deposit – whether
it was $50 or $50,000 – it will be lost in 45 days. The new trader is probably not
ready for trading, has little risk management training, and worst of all, does not
understand how Forex brokers make money. Do yourself a favor:
take it easy and be methodical to do things correctly. The Forex market is not going
away tomorrow.
Mistake 2. Assume too much, ask too little. The average
trader who opens a live account will not take the time to ask the broker things
like: do you have a dealing desk?, how many banks give you Forex prices?, what is
your policy for scalping?, etc. So, let’s say that you heard that trading the news
can make you a lot of money. You think you are clever because you select a broker
that has fixed spreads, so when the news announcement comes the spreads will not
change. The problem you did not contemplate, however, is that your chosen broker
may not allow you to trade during news announcement. Do yourself
a favor: Don’t assume, ask all the questions that are important to you
upfront before you fund the account.
Mistake 3. Over-react when a trading problem happens.
Trading problems or surprises are part of a normal experience trading Forex. The
problem may be how a stop loss was executed, or how long it takes to open/close
orders, or the charts freezing at the wrong moment, etc. Being hit by a surprise
like that can be costly and will typically cause a shock to the new trader. This
shock along with a lack of knowledge how things work will almost always lead the
new trader to say that he has been scammed. He will immediately seek out a forum
or website where to vent his frustration and will start his search for a new broker.
Do yourself another favor: Educate yourself about the
things that can and do go wrong. Very often, you can control and prevent these types
of problems by careful broker selection and by the type of trading you engage in.
Mistake 4. Deposit money where you shouldn’t. We live
in uncertain times when the largest of banks have suffered a crisis of confidence.
Brokers are like mini-banks. If enough traders try to pull their money from a broker
at the same time, the broker will be forced to freeze client funds. That happened
in 2005 with Refco, the largest Forex broker at the time. In hindsight, there were
some lessons to help us today. Refco’s FX division was regulated off-shore. The
regulation of brokers in the US and UK is very strict and it would be extremely
hard for a US regulated broker to pull a scam like Refco. Be smart:
Try to do business with US/UK regulated brokers unless you have good reasons to
keep your funds in other jurisdictions.
Mistake 5. Repeat the same mistakes over and over. You
would be surprise how many traders never really learn the right lessons from problems
that happen. Too often the solution for a trading problem is to “get a new broker”.
But changing a broker will not necessarily cause you understand what went wrong
and how it can be avoided. Not all brokers are crooks, just like not all traders
are losers. Our recommendation: Read the Forex Datasource
report “Essential things to know about broker operations”, this reading will add
more clarity about the complexities of order execution once you put on a trade request.
The attributes that any Forex Broker should possess
> Trading technology that is attractive and stable
> More capital than the minimum required
> Qualified personnel
> Responsive management
A professional Forex broker takes seriously its role as a sophisticated provider
of trading services. Sadly, there are plenty of Forex brokers with $500,000 in initial
capital that think that with a nice website, a leased backoffice software and five
employees, they have all that is necessary to start receiving money from Forex traders.
The basic architecture of a Forex broker – see graph below - is something that is
complex and typically costs millions of US dollars. It is comprised of hardware,
software, support personnel and experienced managers.

For a detailed explanation of this graph, read our article:
“Essential things to
know about broker operations”
I. TRADING TECHNOLOGY
Trading technology refers to having, first of all, a trading platform that is stable
and appeals to traders. There are many examples of trading platforms that have been
developed internally by Forex brokers and that fail to meet the standard in the
industry. These platforms may lack integrated graphic components, or the ability
to customize the different parts, or technical indicators or the ability to accept
automated orders. One of the most complete and most popular trading platform today
is MetaTrader 4 (MT4), developed by a Russian software company called MetaQuotes
and inspired by a Reuters-owned US company called MetaStock. Recognizing the demand
for MT4, several major brokers added MT4 to their product lineup in 2008.
But whether MT4 is right for you or not, it is important to understand that a trading
platform and its supporting backoffice software may not always dependable. For a
2-year period (2005-2007), MT4 frustrated many traders because it was not stable.
Almost daily updates from MetaQuotes to fix problems demonstrated that the product
had been launched prematurely. Traders could not assume that the software would
work as intended. Many traders suffered losses due to these glitches and brokers
using the software were very frustrated.
I’ve also experienced firsthand the long, expensive and difficult path of developing
internally a powerful and stable trading platform. If I hear a broker firm state
that they have developed a software internally and that the development team has
less than 40 employees or that it was developed in less than 3 years, I would be
very cautious before trading live in it.
II. MORE CAPITAL THAN THE MINIMUM REQUIRED
As we have stated previously, having the right technology and personnel requires
a multi-million dollar investment. On top of that, the firm has to keep the minimum
amount of capital required by reputable government regulators, such as the U.S.
National Futures Association (NFA), or the U.K. Financial Services Authority (FSA).
But if brokers want to inspire more confidence, many of the major Forex brokers
have come to realize that they need to put more capital in the balance sheet than
what they have to by law.
Conversely, there are many brokers, perhaps more short on capital, that only keep
the minimum required by regulators. Yet other firms, are not regulated by a reputable
regulator and do not reveal how much capital they have or who are the capital sponsors
of the firm. An unregulated firm lacks transparency and implicitly expects its clients
to trust that it has sufficient capital to operate properly.
III. QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
I recall one situation when I talked to the CEO of a small brokerage firm in 2006.
This CEO shared with me how his office had just participated in an all-day charity
event. He told me they had 14 employees. I knew from other sources that they were
successfully competing with 2 bigger brokers for one trading group of about 4000
traders. I remember thinking, how is it that this small firm can provide adequate
service to more than 1000 clients and how is it that they could afford to take a
workday off when the demand of being a broker are so rigorous, specially for a small
firm? It was not a major surprise when the NFA shut down this company a year later
for poor internal procedures and inadequate capitalization.
The qualifications for a broker personnel are straightforward:
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Have sufficient employees to service clients. Forex
traders need to call and ask questions, they need a speedy account opening process
and withdrawal request. They also need quick answers when there are problems. There
are still brokers that require paper new account forms. Conversely, there are many
brokers that offer the convenience of secure web access to take care of many account
maintenance issues. In the account setup process and interaction with client service
personnel, a Forex trader will quickly realize if the broker has an adequate number
of personnel providing support.
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Have sufficient employees to service the backoffice.
Forex traders need personnel that makes sure that can help insure a quick execution
and a high uptime for the system. The absence of technical problems is a sign that
the firm is probably devoting the necessary resources to its backoffice operations.
Conversely, frequent downtime, trade problems, and poor execution may be signs that
the firm lacks the resources or sophistication to address technical problems.
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IV. RESPONSIVE MANAGEMENT
I have come to expect a Forex broker to disclose the names and relevant experience
of the department heads in key areas, such as IT, trading, compliance, and marketing.
When I read that a firm was started by a “group of traders” with experience in currency
markets, red flags go up in my head. The proper management of a firm calls for the
vision of a CEO who has vast experience in retail Forex, but the specific skills
of managers who have established reputations in their respective field of work.
Again, the less reputable firms will not likely disclose this type of information,
but the serious ones will do so.
One can measure the effectiveness of a Forex broker on this regard in two ways:
1) disclosure of relevant personnel data, and 2) the overall direction of the firm.
This second point requires time to be able to gage if a firm is going in the right
direction or not. All broker firms will experience an occasional system downtime,
or regulatory reprimand, or poor client service. But firms that persist in these
type of problems or repeat the same mistakes gives proof that the leadership of
the firm lacks either competence or will to serve a demanding trader client base.
KEY STEPS IN THE BROKER SELECTION PROCESS
1. Identify your Forex account priorities
2. Conduct a thorough research of brokers (the most tedious part)
3. Select a broker that is strong in the areas that appealed the most to you in
step 1
1. IDENTIFY YOUR FOREX ACCOUNT PRIORITIES
It is appropriate to use an analogy to describe why there is not a single broker
that is ideal for everybody. If 100 people are given $500 each to buy groceries
in a supermarket, is there a grocery list that will work for all of them? No, because
some are allergic to some foods, and each person will have different meal preferences.
Selecting a Forex broker should be a reflection of what your account priorities
are. Too many people don’t take the time to analyze what is important to them. They
make the mistake of assuming that one broker will give them everything they want.
Therefore, the first task is to take inventory of what are your Forex account priorities.
The list of priorities can be large and diverse. For some people, it is important
to do business with a broker that offers low spreads and no commissions, others
want fixed spreads, other want Islamic accounts, while others value brokers that
authorize scalping and trading the news. There are those who value a broker office
located in the same country where they reside, others that value an off-shore broker,
and others that require a broker regulated by the NFA or FSA.
Once you identify the two-three things that are really important to you in a Forex
trading account, then you are prepared to start the search for a broker. It is helpful
to know that in its Trader Concierge Program (TCP), Forex Datasource offers a comprehensive
list of factors that help traders to identify what is most important to them. Participation
in the TCP can be free, for more information contact
info@forexdatasource.com
2. CONDUCT A THOROUGH BROKER RESEARCH
Armed with an understanding of what is important to you in a Forex account, you
are ready to start the search process. The ForexDatasource.com database for the
top 50 broker dealers is a good starting point. You will want to understand what
is known about those firms, what financial data (if any) is reported to regulators,
what current and past clients say about them, and compare several firms using objective
industry benchmarks.
A second step would be to visit the websites of the few firms you are considering
as the best candidates. Navigate through the pages and see if you can easily find
the information that is useful to you.
A third step is to prepare a list of questions to ask from each of the brokers you
are considering. We would recommend doing your interview by phone or by chat. You
will want to tell the broker that you are “conducting due-diligence” on a few brokers
before opening an account and that you would like to ask them a few questions.
A good question to ask brokers is: “what are the two-three things that you feel
your firm can deliver to traders on a consistent basis or that it is known for?”
They should answer things like: we offer fixed spreads, a stable trading environment,
no dealing desk, etc. Hopefully, part of their answer to that question will be one
or two of the few things that are most important to you in a Forex brokerage account.
If you hear a broker describe as one of its strengths something that you are looking
for, then maybe you have found a match. Congratulations!
3. SELECT A BROKER RIGHT FOR YOU
Once you have found two or three firms that sound good, then it is appropriate to
give one of them a try. Again, do not assume that there is only one broker or that
you have found the best one. What you have done is to systematically narrow down
your options from 100 medium to large brokers to one or two. There is no good reason
why you should think that you owe loyalty to a broker. A Forex brokerage account
should always be a calculated business decision.
It is the responsibility of the
Forex broker you select is to continue to earn your business day after day. If they
do not do so, you should not hesitate to explore other options.
There are two more important facts that you should keep in mind. Traders preferences
evolve with time and broker offerings in the market evolve as well.
Maybe you started your Forex experience thinking that you wanted to trade the news
or that you wanted to do carry trades. After some time, maybe you have found that
those interests do not work so well for you and you decide to try swing trading.
As your preferences evolve, be aware that your initial broker choice may no longer
be the most suitable.
It is also true that the broker landscape changes quite a bit. Let’s say that you
are looking for a well- capitalized broker offering MT4 trading platform – that
is what is important to you. You really like the capitalization of a large broker,
but decide to choose a medium-sized broker that offers MT4 because the large broker
does not offer that platform. If you keep up with broker news, you might learn that
the large broker announces that it now offers MT4. Of course, this news release
might signal a potential re-evaluation of whether to continue to use the same broker
you originally selected.
A key point that we would like to make is that even though you may have selected
the broker that should give you the most satisfaction,
trade-related problems will
arise. If an incident happens and upsets you, it will be relatively easy to leave
that broker and shop for another. That is certainly one option, but it should never
be the first option.
The first option should be to try to understand the superficial and the underlying
cause for a problem.
This means that if a stop loss was not honored at the desired price to try to understand
why. Maybe your initial impression is that the broker is trying to take advantage
of you. Upon closer inspection, you may realize that an unexpected incident happened
in the market that caused a 1% move in currency prices. You may further learn that
during this announcement your stop loss was triggered but the price you had requested
did not trade during the post announcement price spike. The price you wanted was
“skipped”, something that is quite possible and happens regularly in currency markets.
So the superficial cause of the problem may have been caused by the news announcement.
The underlying cause of your frustration could have been that you were not aware
that your stop loss would be filled at the first available price. If you had known
this, maybe you would have closed the trade sooner. The lesson we wish to impress
is not that the broker is probably right and you are wrong, but rather that
it cost
you a lot of time and effort to find a suitable broker, do not be hasty to end that
relationship.
Finally, we would like you to know that
sometimes it is hard to know when a broker
is telling the truth and if their explanation of a situation is plausible. For example,
you have an account that has open trades, showing a considerable floating loss.
Your broker tells you that they need to move your account to a new trading server
very soon and the only way of doing that is to close all open trades. Doing what
the broker tells you would obviously cause your account to realize a real loss.
It is in these times that you need to have an independent third party, with expert
understanding of broker operations whisper in your ear your options.
We trust that this document has illustrated ways around the complexity of selecting
a Forex broker. We also hope that you are now better prepared to start the selection
process. If you have any questions on the materials covered, please do not hesitate
to contact Forex Datasource.
About the Forex Datasource Trader Concierge Program
The Forex Datasource Trader Concierge Program (TCP) is a first of its kind. Forex
Datasource can serve as an expert witness in cases where you need to make important
decisions. Forex Datasource could let you know what alternatives to pursue with
your broker to remedy a situation or how to defend your interests if the broker
were to act in an unsatisfactory manner.
If you would like to further explore how the Trader Concierge Program
can help you
identify your main interests, select a matching broker, and defend your interests
as a trader, contact us at
info@forexdatasource.com We know that with our help you
will save time and your trading experience will be much more pleasant.